Which segment of "King Kong River" impressed you the most, I am afraid many people will say: Katyusha!
Indeed, the US howitzer just hit the bridge in the afternoon. In the evening, the volunteers used Katyusha rockets to take revenge. The rockets cut through the dark night like a meteor shower and directly took the US artillery position, which was very relieved.
The screaming fire dragon flying over the head of the volunteers must be the most beautiful and deadly movement in the world.
This is called: justice from heaven, playing the death song of the enemy!
Many netizens lamented that since the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, this is the first time we have this kind of timely firepower that can overwhelm the enemy and destroy it, apart from the anti-aircraft howitzer.
But what many people don't know is that China had Katyusha's time, in fact, not long ago.
The beautiful Katyusha came to North Korea
On February 14, 1951, Valentine's Day in the West, the 21st Volunteer Artillery Division was formally established. The predecessor of the division was the 143th Infantry Division, which had a proven track record in combat. It also gave birth to "national combat heroes" such as Dong Cunrui. Therefore, the People's Liberation Army gave them the task of installing rocket launchers for the first time.
The 21st Artillery Division governs 5 rocket artillery regiments, each equipped with 24 BM-13 rocket artillery. Speaking of the BM-13 rocket launcher, friends who like military may be familiar with it. It is the world’s first rocket launcher manufactured by the Soviet Union in 1939—the BM-13 rocket launcher.
The main body of the БM-13 rocket gun is a vehicle-mounted multi-orbit directional device, which uses electronic ignition to ignite the propulsion device at the end of the rocket to launch ammunition. The rocket warhead is equipped with TNT explosives. After landing, it will explode violently to kill the target. A salvo can launch 16 rockets with a 132 mm diameter, with a maximum speed of 355 m/s and a maximum range of 8.5 kilometers. It can also be fired continuously. It can launch all 16 rockets in 7-10 seconds, with fierce firepower.
The rocket was produced by the "Communist International" arsenal in Voronezh region. Since the first letter of the word "Communist International" in Russian is "K", the factory printed the word "K" on the gun carriage as its code name. This artillery was a new type of weapon at the time and was classified as an absolute secret. Even the operators did not know its official name.
The soldiers liked this gun very much. Seeing the "K" on the gun stand, I thought of a song called "Katyusha" being popular in the Soviet Union at that time. At the same time, "Katyusha" itself was the common name of Soviet girls. , So named the gun "Katyusha". Later, "Katyusha" became a general term for this rocket launcher, but its official name is rarely known.
After the outbreak of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, in the face of the "United Nations" armed to the teeth, the Volunteer Army's weapons and equipment were relatively backward, especially lack of heavy firepower. Although the first three battles have been won, the volunteers' sacrifices are also very large and they are in urgent need of firepower. So China urgently purchased 120 rocket launchers from the Soviet Union to equip the 21st Artillery Division, and the beautiful Katyusha came to North Korea.
Win the first battle
The artillery is available, but how to use the artillery well has become a problem. At that time, the 21st Division that was just formed did not understand artillery, let alone rocket artillery. Under normal circumstances, it takes at least one year for an infantry regiment to convert a rocket launcher regiment from formation to formation of combat effectiveness.
At that time, military commanders and fighters had a very low level of education, and it was very difficult to complete the training mission in a short period of time. But in order to go to the battlefield one day earlier, they studied day and night. It only took 42 days to complete the training and set off for North Korea in early April.
Peng Dehuai encouraged them: "Now the Volunteers have the most advanced and modern Katyusha rockets like yours! The United States has not yet, and we have to look for fighters well! Give full play to the advantages of the rockets! Surprisingly, they are arrogantly attacking the enemy. Carry out a lightning attack! Massively destroy the enemy's vitality."
On September 1, 1951, the Volunteer Katyusha ushered in the first battle. At that time, the 235th Regiment of the 79th Division of the 27th Army was counterattacking the U.S. troops at the back hole position. The 203th Regiment adopted "cannon positions dispersed and the firepower concentrated", "Day During the operation of the commanding detachment, the night artillery detachment moved in, and so on. After dusk, the whole regiment arrived at the position from the assembly area, and then the whole regiment's 24 Katyusha rocket launchers suddenly fired at the same time.
In an instant, 384 rockets landed on the US military's position, and the 2 battalions of the US 7th Division were all covered by dense shells. The casualties were heavy. The infantry then launched a charge and regained the position in one fell swoop.
This battle also stunned the volunteers. This type of artillery fired at a fast rate and had fierce firepower, and it was astonishing. The whole regiment could fire 384 rockets in 8 seconds. The refill can be completed in less than ten minutes by a skilled hand. The firepower of its two-round salvo is equivalent to the strike effect of a howitzer division for more than ten minutes, and is especially suitable for killing crowds with intensive injuries, which will stun the coalition forces at once.
Subsequently, Katyusha of the Volunteer Army wiped out more than 900 American Cavalry Division 1 in the direction of Tim Mok-dong, and then wiped out more than 800 British troops in the direction of Banqiao-dong. For the infantry on the front line, they were always bombed before, but now it is finally the enemy's turn to taste the "Van Fleet ammunition".
When the infantry saw the spectacular scene when the rocket launcher was launched, they couldn't help but cheer: "Long live the artillery!" and called the Katyusha rocket the king of artillery. Since the number of the rocket unit was "84" at that time, any number of "84" on the road would be given the courtesy of giving way. From this point, it can be seen that the volunteer army highly praised Katyusha.
The Battle of Shangganling Fought Again
At 3 o'clock in the morning on October 14, 1952, the US 8th Army gathered 300 cannons, 40 aircraft and 120 tanks, and attacked the 597.9 highlands and 537.7 highlands Beishan at the front of the Five Holy Mountains in the Shangganling area. The battle of Shangganling began.
At that time, when Qin Jiwei, commander of the 15th Army, answered what support the Volunteer Army headquarters needed, the first thing he asked for was Katyusha! The Volunteer Army Headquarters immediately incorporated the 209th Rocket Artillery Regiment into the battle artillery group under the command of the 7th Artillery Division, and put it into operation in Shangganling.
However, when Katyusha was launched, the fire was obvious, the position was easily exposed, and there was no protection at all. It was not suitable for fighting in areas where the enemy's artillery threat was relatively large. In the face of the superior artillery fire of the US military, can Katyusha save itself and attack the enemy? For this reason, the Volunteers usually hide their rocket launchers in caves. When they have to fight, they will go straight to the position quietly. They will fight when they stop, and they will withdraw after the fight.
In the entire 40-day battle of Shangganling, our "Katyusha" rocket artillery regiment adopted this hit-and-run tactics, inflicting heavy blows on the enemy, but I was unscathed.
The Katyusha rockets played an important role in the Battle of Shangganling, mainly in two stages. The first stage was the see-saw stage. At that time, the two sides repeatedly saw the ground position, and the US military often occupied the hilltop by relying on superior forces. In response to this, on October 19, Katyusha of the 209th regiment of the 21st Division quietly set off from the reserve position and rushed to the launch position. Upon arrival, the gunners unloaded their gun jackets and immediately completed their launch preparations.
Then, other artillery groups of the Volunteer Army participated in the battle to cover Katyusha, and first bombarded the US army. Immediately afterwards, Katyusha opened fire, and the rumbling sound became one piece, like the sky and the earth cracked, and the flying rockets connected into a sea of fire and flew up to Ganling Highland. After two salvos, the 209 regiment quickly withdrew from the position. The whole process took only 13 minutes.
Under the onslaught of Katyusha rockets, like a volcanic eruption, the surface positions of the 597.9 highlands and 537.7 Beishan defended by the enemy were almost flattened, and the six companies responsible for recovering positions quickly restored their surface positions.
The second stage is the counterattack stage. On October 29, the volunteers began to counterattack. Katyusha sent out again. Numerous rockets swept through the sky, splitting the dark night sky like lightning and rushing towards the enemy.
What is different this time from the past is that the Volunteers have adopted the tactics of "false extension of artillery.
Five minutes after the shelling, the artillery fire extended backwards, the volunteers blew the Charge, and the enemy in the fortification returned to the surface position, but who knew that the Charge was fake, and the purpose was to draw the enemy out. Waiting for them was the second wave of hail-like rockets and more than 10,000 artillery shells, which fell on the enemy's position overwhelmingly. The enemy in the battle formation had not touched me to attack the infantry, they were engulfed by artillery fire, and the corpses were flying around. Later, the enemy only used 15 trucks to pull the corpses!
Since then, the 209 regiment has participated in several battles. Only when it counterattacked the 597.9 high ground on November 3, the regiment wiped out hundreds of enemies with two salvos.
During the 43-day battle of Shangganling, the 209 Artillery Regiment participated in 10 battles before and after, hitting the enemy heavily and supporting the infantry. Therefore, it was warmly welcomed by the infantry fighters. The infantry gave a pennant to the 209 Artillery Regiment: "Hundreds of shots will break the enemy's gall. The soldiers love you the most, and the enemy is most afraid of you!"
The Battle of Jincheng secures victory
In My 1953, China and the United States planned to sign an armistice agreement, but they were opposed by the South Korean puppet army and refused to release the volunteers. In order to teach the South Korean puppet government, the volunteers decided to launch a summer counterattack against the enemy, which happened in "King Kong River" Battle of Jincheng.
The 21st Artillery Division found that the enemy’s "artillery and air superiority" had been reduced based on its two-year combat experience on the Korean battlefield, while our army became stronger in the Vietnam War. It deeply felt that the tactics of "fight and go at night" could no longer adapt to the new tactics. The combat mission of the army put forward the active offensive tactics of "stable, hard, night, day, group, battalion, continuous, and follow infantry operations." As a result, the 21st Division cooperated with the 6 armies with powerful firepower at all stages of the battle to continuously counterattack the enemy.
The Volunteers’ rocket tactics have now undergone new changes. At 21 o'clock in the evening of July 13, the 20th Corps launched a landslide bombardment on the Korean army. Of all artillery, Katyusha rockets are naturally indispensable. In this battle, the Katyusha rocket launched a total of 69 salvos. The Katyusha rocket launch position of our army is like an erupting volcano. In the sound of explosions, the South Korean army's position was blasted into a sea of flames.
Hong Xuezhi, deputy commander of the Volunteer Army, recalled in his book "Reminiscences of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea": "In this battle, the 21st Artillery Division of the Katyusha Rocket Artillery of our army participated in the battle. At 9 pm, the 21st Artillery Division fired on time, and the artillery fire formed countless ways. The flames flew toward the enemy's position like a whimper, and half of the sky was red. The enemy's position of several square kilometers was completely covered, and the enemy's position was rapidly burning."
Subsequently, the 21st Division explored the ingenious tactics of the front and rear configuration. One battalion set up a position only 2000 meters from the enemy’s front to attack the enemy’s artillery positions in depth; one battalion set up a position at 5000 meters from the enemy’s front to shoot at the enemy’s forward positions. , Support the infantry attack. After the enemy's position was breached, they moved forward quickly, extending the artillery fire to the target in the enemy's depth, covering the infantry to continue the assault.
Even during the transfer, he parked on the spot, seized the fighter planes, and fired in one shot to annihilate a tank battalion that came for reinforcements and destroy 23 tanks.
Like flames and steel hail, during the two and a half years of entering North Korea, the Volunteer’s rocket artillery unit successively cooperated with 12 armies. With the support of the brother artillery units, the coordinated forces carried out more than 30 major and minor battles, annihilated tens of thousands of enemies, and destroyed them. With 56 tanks, more than 230 cars, more than 30 artillery pieces, and 24 enemy aircraft shot down and wounded, they strongly supported infantry operations. They played an important role in the battlefield of resisting U.S. aggression and aggression and made a remarkable achievement.
From then on, the legend of big bomb b began
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